Assignment on the Contribution of Charles Babbage, Adam Smith and Robert Owen in the Field of Management

Contribution of Charles Babbage within the field of Management Charles Babbage (1792–1871) is named the patron saint of operations research and administration science. Babbage’s scientific innovations included a mechanical calculator (his “difference engine”), a flexible computer (his “analytical engine”), and a punch-card machine. Babbage’s most profitable e-book, On the Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers, published in 1832, described the tools and equipment utilized in English factories.

It discussed the financial rules of manufacturing, and analyzed the operations; the abilities used and advised improved practices.

He confirmed that decreasing the tasks of producing to their simplest activities increases the numbers of people who can do them and, thus, reduces the average wage which must be paid. According to him, a piece should be divided into mental and bodily efforts and a employee must be paid a bonus in proportion to his personal efficiency and success of the business.

Babbage emphasised the significance of division of labor, indicating that greater revenue could be made by specializing.

Babbage also emphasized the importance of stability in processes and the precept of optimum measurement of the manufacturing unit for each class of product. Contribution of Robert Owen in the field of Management Robert Owen (1771–1858) was a successful Scottish entrepreneur and a utopian socialist who sowed the first seeds of concern for the employees. He was repulsed by the working circumstances and poor treatment of the workers in the factories across Scotland.

Owen grew to become a reformer. At New Larnark, in his factory he was trying to make different approaches to the workers.

He decreased the utilization of youngster labor and used moral persuasion rather than corporal punishment in his factories. He chided his fellow manufacturing facility house owners for treating their tools better than they handled their workers. In 1813 he proposed a manufacturing unit invoice to prohibit employment of children under the age of ten and to limit hours for all children to 103/4 hours per day with no evening work.

The bill grew to become legislation six years later, but was restricted to cotton mills, decreased the age restrict to nine, and included no provision for inspections; therefore, the law had little impression. Owen was totally dedicated to management as a occupation. Under his course, houses and streets have been built, the minimum working age for kids was raised, working hours were decreased, meal amenities were provided, schooling had been introduced, and night recreation centers had been opened to meet the issue of leisure. He is the daddy of contemporary Personnel Management.

Contribution of Adam Smith within the field of Management Adam Smith (1723–1790) was a Scottish political economist. His Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, established the “classical school” and with its publication, he grew to become the father of “liberal economics. ” Smith argued that market and competition should be the regulators of economic activity and that tariff insurance policies had been destructive. The specialization of labor was the mainstay of Smith’s market system. According to Smith, division of labor offered managers with the greatest alternative for increased productiveness.

He provides three causes for the increased output due to the division of labor: a) to the increased dexterity in each explicit workman b) to the saving of time which is usually misplaced in passing from one species of labor to a different c) to the invention of a nice quantity of machines which facilitate and abridge labor, and enable one man to do the work of many. His idea in regards to the division of labor is key to modern work simplification and time research, and extends also into such areas as production simplification.